陈万青,张思维,曾红梅.中国2010年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡[J].中国肿瘤,2014,23(1):1-10.
中国2010年恶性肿瘤发病与死亡
Report of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China,2010
投稿时间:2013-11-21  
DOI:10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2014.01.A001
中文关键词:  肿瘤登记  恶性肿瘤  发病率  死亡率  中国
英文关键词:cancer registry  malignant tumor  incidence  mortality  China
基金项目:
作者单位
陈万青 国家癌症中心 
张思维 国家癌症中心 
曾红梅 国家癌症中心 
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中文摘要:
      摘 要: [目的] 评估我国2010年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况。[方法] 按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准对全国219个登记处上报的2010年肿瘤登记数据进行评估,共145个肿瘤登记处的数据入选登记年报,将入选的登记处按城乡、地区(东、中、西)、性别分层,计算各层年龄别肿瘤别发病率和死亡率,然后根据全国实际人口,估计全国恶性肿瘤合计和主要肿瘤的发病、死亡情况。标准人口按照全国2000年人口普查人口结构和Segi’s世界人口结构为标准计算调整率。[结果] 2010年入选年报的145个登记处(城市63个,农村82个),共覆盖人群158 403 248人(其中城市92 433 739人,农村65 969 509人),病理诊断比例为67.11%,只有死亡证明书比例为2.99%,死亡/发病比为0.61。估计全国2010年新发恶性肿瘤病例约3 093 039例,死亡病例1 956 622例。全国恶性肿瘤发病率为235.23/10万(男性268.65/10万,女性200.21/10万),中国人口标化率(中标率)184.58/10万,世界人口标化率(世标率)181.49/10万,累积率(0~74岁)为21.11%。城市地区发病率为256.41/10万,中标发病率187.53/10万;农村地区发病率为213.71/10万,中标发病率181.10/10万。全部地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为148.81/10万(男性186.37/10万,女性109.42/10万),中标死亡率113.92/10万,世标死亡率112.86/10万,累积死亡率(0~74岁)为12.78%。城市地区死亡率为156.14/10万,中标死亡率109.21/10万。农村地区肿瘤死亡率为141.35/10万,中标死亡率119.00/10万。肺癌、女性乳腺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食管癌、结直肠癌和宫颈癌是我国主要的常见的恶性肿瘤。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌和胰腺癌是主要的肿瘤死因。[结论] 我国肿瘤登记覆盖范围2010年有明显增加,可以反映不同地区、不同人群的恶性肿瘤负担情况。肿瘤登记为卫生部门提供及时的监测资料,为评估肿瘤负担,评价防治措施和制定肿瘤防治策略方面发挥不可替代的作用。我国目前肿瘤负担严重,应继续加强肿瘤防治工作。
英文摘要:
      Abstract:[Purpose] To estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010.[Methods] On basis of the procedure of evaluation and criteria of data quality from NCCR,the data from 219 cancer registration were checked and evaluated.There were 145 registries’ data qualified and accepted for cancer registry annual report in 2010. Incidence and mortality of major cancer types and overall cancer were calculated stratified by urban or rural,areas (eastern,middle,western),gender and age group. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rate and national population in 2010. Chinese population sensus in 2000 and Segi’s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates.[Results] A total of 145 cancer registries(63 in urban and 82 in rural) covered of 158 403 248 population(92 433 739 in urban and 65 969 509 in rural areas). The morphology verified cases (MV%) accounted for 67.11%,2.99% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only(DCO%) with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.61. The estimates of new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 3 093 039 and 1 956 622 in 2010,respectively. The crude incidence was 235.23/105(268.65/105 in male,200.21/105 in female),age-standardized incidence by Chinese standard population (ASR China) and by world standard population(ASR word) were 184.58/105 and 181.49/105 with the cumulative incidence rate(0~74 age years old) of 21.11%. The cancer incidence and ASR China were 256.41/105 and 187.53/105 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/105 and 181.10/105,respectively. The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/105(186.37/105 in male and 109.42/105 in female),age-standardized mortality by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 113.92/105 and 112.86/105,and the cumulative incidence rate(0~74 age years old) was 12.78%. The cancer mortality and ASR China were 156.14/105 and 109.21/105 in urban areas,whereas in rural areas,they were 141.35/105 and 119.00/105 respectively. Lung cancer,female breast cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,and cervical cancer were the most common cancers. Lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,and pancreatic cancer were major cause for cancer deaths.[Conclusions] The coverage of cancer registration population has a rapid increase and could reflect cancer burden in various areas and various population. As the basis of cancer control program,cancer registry plays an irreplaceable role in cancer epidemic surveillance,evaluation of cancer control programs and making anti-cancer strategy. China is facing serious cancer burden and prevention and control should be enhanced.
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