| In recent years, neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy has demonstrated potential application value in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer（LARC）, and clinical studies related to neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy regimens have made certain progress. In this paper, we start from the mechanism of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy to enhance anti-tumor, specifically focusing on the choice of regimen between immunotherapy and different radiotherapy modalities. In addition, many pioneering combination therapy studies for microsatellite-stabilized colorectal cancer are being explored, such as adding cytokines, targeting tumor hypoxia, and regulating intestinal flora. However, neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy still faces the problems of imperfect efficacy assessment indexes, unclear toxicity and safety, and lack of standardized protocols. An in-depth discussion of the current development and problems of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant radiotherapy for LARC will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the basic and clinical research on the combination therapy of LARC. |
