| 孙可欣,郑荣寿,张思维.2015年中国分地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析[J].中国肿瘤,2019,28(1):1-11. |
| 2015年中国分地区恶性肿瘤发病和死亡分析 |
| Report of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Different Areas of China，2015 |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-27 |
| DOI：10.11735/j.issn.1004-0242.2019.01.A001 |
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| 中文关键词: 肿瘤登记 发病率 死亡率 地区差异 中国 |
| 英文关键词:cancer registry incidence mortality geographical disparity China |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1311704）；中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程（2018-I2M-3-003）；国家自然科学基金（81602931） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：［目的］ 根据全国恶性肿瘤登记资料分析估计2015年我国东、中、西部地区恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况。［方法］ 共501个肿瘤登记处上报2015年肿瘤登记数据，按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准进行质量控制，368个肿瘤登记处的数据符合标准。将入选的登记处按地理位置（东部、中部、西部）、性别、年龄及不同肿瘤类型分层计算发病率和死亡率，结合2015年全国人口数据估计全国恶性肿瘤发病、死亡人数。人口标准化率按照2000年中国标准人口结构（中标率）和Segi’s世界标准人口结构（世标率）进行计算。［结果］ 纳入分析的368个登记处共覆盖人口309 553 499人，其中男性156 934 140人，女性152 619 359人。据估计，2015年全国新发恶性肿瘤392.9万例，发病率为285.83/10万，世标发病率为186.39/10万。东、中、西部地区的恶性肿瘤新发病例数分别为163.1万例、130.8万例和99.0万例，发病率分别为316.03/10万、283.33/10万和249.51/10万，世标发病率分别为194.35/10万、189.03/10万和172.15/10万。各地区恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率趋势相似。东部地区前5位常见恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、乳腺癌和肝癌，中部地区依次为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌，西部地区依次为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和食管癌。全国恶性肿瘤死亡病例233.8万例，死亡率为170.05/10万，世标死亡率为105.84/10万。东、中、西部地区的恶性肿瘤死亡病例数分别为92.7万例、80.0万例和61.1万例，死亡率分别为179.64/10万、173.25/10万和153.88/10万，世标死亡率为103.17/10万、111.62/10万和102.65/10万。各地区恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率趋势相似。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌是各地区常见的恶性肿瘤死亡原因。 ［结论］ 我国东、中、西部地区肿瘤负担存在差异，应根据各地区实际情况开展有针对性的肿瘤防治工作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：［Purpose］ To estimate cancer incidence and mortality in different areas of China using cancer registry data in 2015.［Methods］ The cancer registry data of 2015 from 501 local cancer registries in China were collected，checked and assessed based on the criteria of data quality control of the National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCRC)，and data from 368 registries were qualified for the analysis. Cancer incidence and mortality rates stratified by geographical location (eastern，middle，western areas)，gender，age groups and cancer sites were calculated. Population data of 2015 was used to estimate cancer cases and deaths in China. Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi’s world population were used for the calculation of age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.［Results］ The 368 cancer registries covered a total of 309 553 499 population (including 156 934 140 males and 152 619 359 females). A total of 3.929 million new cancer cases were diagnosed，with a crude incidence rate of 285.83/105 and an age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population (ASIRW) of 186.39/105. There were 1.631 million，1.308 million and 0.990 million new cancer cases diagnosed in eastern，middle and western areas，respectively. The crude incidence rates were 316.03/105、283.33/105 and 249.51/105 and the ASIRW were 194.35/105，189.03/105 and 172.15/105 in eastern，middle and western areas，respectively. Age-specific incidence rates were similar in different areas. The top five common cancers were lung cancer，colorectal cancer，gastric cancer，breast cancer and liver cancer in eastern areas；and those were lung cancer，gastric cancer，liver cancer，colorectal cancer and breast cancer in middle areas；and lung cancer，liver cancer，colorectal cancer，gastric cancer and esophageal cancer in western areas. There were 2.338 million death cases reported，with a crude mortality rate of 170.05/105 and an age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population(ASMRW) of 105.84/105. And 0.927 million，0.800 million and 0.611 million death cases were reported in eastern，middle and western areas. The mortality rates were 179.64/105，173.25/105 and 153.88/105 and the ASMRW were 103.17/105，111.62/105 and 102.65/105 in eastern，middle and western areas，respectively. Age-specific mortality rates were similar in different areas. Lung cancer，liver cancer，gastric cancer，colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer were five most common causes of cancer-related death in all areas. ［Conclusion］ Cancer disease burden differs across areas in China. Cancer prevention and control programs should be developed base on the specific situation of each area. |
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